常見(jian)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)項目及檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)的(de)目的(de)：

　　1電性能檢測

　　主(zhu)要有導(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成(cheng)品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗及(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試驗，每項都很重(zhong)要，導(dao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直(zhi)接反映了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸性能，直(zhi)接影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)行中的溫度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)、以及(ji)運(yun)行安(an)全，它主(zhu)要考查導(dao)體(ti)的材質和截(jie)面積，若導(dao)體(ti)的材質不(bu)(bu)(bu)好或(huo)截(jie)面積嚴重(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足，就會造成(cheng)導(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴重(zhong)超(chao)標，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)鋪設(she)在線(xian)路中就會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在線(xian)路上通過時的損耗(hao)，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)體(ti)本身發熱，引(yin)起包覆導(dao)體(ti)的絕(jue)緣(yuan)老(lao)化開裂，造成(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路，甚至造成(cheng)火災，危及(ji)人(ren)身、財產(chan)的安(an)全。標準對不(bu)(bu)(bu)同規格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的導(dao)體(ti)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)均有嚴格的規定(ding)(ding)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得大于標準規定(ding)(ding)的值(zhi)。

　　絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，均(jun)考查的(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層和護(hu)(hu)套層的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能(neng)，絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是檢測兩個導體之間(jian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材料的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，它應足(zu)(zu)(zu)夠(gou)大以起(qi)到絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護(hu)(hu)作用(yong)。成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)光要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜有(you)足(zu)(zu)(zu)夠(gou)的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)力，還要(yao)求(qiu)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護(hu)(hu)套材料均(jun)勻無雜質、厚度足(zu)(zu)(zu)夠(gou)均(jun)勻，表面不(bu)能(neng)有(you)看(kan)不(bu)見的(de)沙眼(yan)、針孔等，否則就會造(zao)成(cheng)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時局(ju)部擊穿。

　　2機械性能檢測

　　主要(yao)是考查絕(jue)(jue)緣和護(hu)(hu)套塑料(liao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的抗張(zhang)強度、斷裂(lie)伸(shen)長率，包括(kuo)老(lao)化前后，還有對于成(cheng)品軟電(dian)纜(lan)進行的曲(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、彎曲(qu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、荷重斷芯試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、絕(jue)(jue)緣線(xian)芯撕裂(lie)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、靜態曲(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)等。老(lao)化前、后抗張(zhang)強度、老(lao)化前后斷裂(lie)伸(shen)長率是電(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣和護(hu)(hu)套材(cai)(cai)料(liao)*重要(yao)*基本的指標(biao)，要(yao)求用做電(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣和護(hu)(hu)套的材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，既要(yao)有足夠的拉伸(shen)強度不容易拉斷，又要(yao)有一定的柔韌性。

　　老化是指在高溫(wen)條件下，絕緣和護(hu)套(tao)材料(liao)(liao)保持其原有性能(neng)的能(neng)力，老化不(bu)應嚴重(zhong)影響材料(liao)(liao)的抗(kang)張(zhang)強度和伸(shen)長率，這些(xie)都將直接影響電(dian)纜的使用壽(shou)命，若抗(kang)張(zhang)強度和斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長率不(bu)合格，進行電(dian)纜的施工安裝時就極易(yi)出現護(hu)套(tao)或絕緣體斷(duan)裂，或在光、熱環(huan)境下使用的電(dian)纜其護(hu)套(tao)和絕緣容(rong)易(yi)變脆，斷(duan)裂，致使帶(dai)電(dian)導(dao)體裸(luo)露，發(fa)生觸電(dian)危險(xian)。

　　另(ling)外(wai)軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)由于不是固(gu)定敷設，使用中(zhong)存在反(fan)復(fu)拖拉、彎曲(qu)(qu)等情況，所以對于軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)標準又(you)另(ling)外(wai)規定了(le)在其成(cheng)品(pin)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)上加(jia)做動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、彎曲(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、荷重斷(duan)芯試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、絕(jue)緣線(xian)芯撕裂(lie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、靜態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)等，以保證這種線(xian)纜(lan)在實際(ji)使用中(zhong)滿足要求。如動態(tai)曲(qu)(qu)撓試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)主要考核軟電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在受到外(wai)界的(de)機械(xie)拉伸和彎曲(qu)(qu)等應力時，軟導(dao)體(ti)的(de)絞合線(xian)絲(si)是否斷(duan)裂(lie)而(er)降低電(dian)(dian)的(de)傳輸性(xing)(xing)能，或者(zhe)刺破(po)絕(jue)緣而(er)降低絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)(xing)能;絕(jue)緣在受到應力作用是是否變形(xing)或開裂(lie)而(er)影響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣性(xing)(xing)能的(de)一種試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)方法。

　　3絕緣和護套材料性能試驗

　　包括熱失重(zhong)、熱沖(chong)擊(ji)、高(gao)溫(wen)壓(ya)力、低溫(wen)彎曲、低溫(wen)拉伸、低溫(wen)沖(chong)擊(ji)、阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能等等。這些都(dou)是考查(cha)絕(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)塑料材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能好壞，如熱失重(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)是檢(jian)(jian)測經(jing)過7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)老化(hua)后(hou)材(cai)料降解、揮發的(de)(de)(de)程度;熱沖(chong)擊(ji)檢(jian)(jian)測在150℃高(gao)溫(wen)1h后(hou)經(jing)特殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)表(biao)面是否有(you)開(kai)裂(lie);高(gao)溫(wen)壓(ya)力檢(jian)(jian)測絕(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料在經(jing)過高(gao)溫(wen)再冷(leng)卻后(hou)其彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)保持程度;所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)試(shi)驗(yan)一(yi)(yi)般指在-15℃條件(jian)下其機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，都(dou)是檢(jian)(jian)測線纜(lan)材(cai)料在低溫(wen)環境下是否變(bian)脆、易開(kai)裂(lie)或易拉斷等。另外電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能勝能很重(zhong)要，考查(cha)該項(xiang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)為(wei)不(bu)延燃(ran)試(shi)驗(yan)，即對(dui)按標準安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)成品電(dian)纜(lan)用專門的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)焰(yan)點燃(ran)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)時間，待其火(huo)焰(yan)自行熄滅后(hou)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)線纜(lan)被燒(shao)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，當(dang)然被燒(shao)掉的(de)(de)(de)部分越(yue)少越(yue)好，說明其燃(ran)燒(shao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)差，阻燃(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好，越(yue)安(an)全。

　　4標志檢查

　　標(biao)(biao)準要求(qiu)電(dian)纜(lan)包(bao)(bao)裝上應(ying)附有表(biao)示(shi)產品型號、規(gui)格、標(biao)(biao)準號、廠名和產地的(de)標(biao)(biao)簽或標(biao)(biao)志，規(gui)格包(bao)(bao)括額定電(dian)壓、芯數和導體標(biao)(biao)稱截面等(deng)(deng);電(dian)纜(lan)表(biao)面應(ying)印(yin)有制造廠名、產品型號和額定電(dian)壓的(de)連續標(biao)(biao)志，標(biao)(biao)志間距要求(qiu)≤200mm(絕緣表(biao)面)或≤500mm (護套表(biao)面)，標(biao)(biao)志內容應(ying)齊(qi)全(quan)、清晰、耐擦，這個(ge)要求(qiu)是方便使用(yong)者了解電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)型號規(gui)格及電(dian)壓等(deng)(deng)級(ji)，以防敷設錯誤。

　　另外(wai)，電(dian)線(xian)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)應(ying)優先選(xuan)用(yong)標(biao)準(zhun)推薦的顏色(se)，特別要提(ti)的是黃/綠(lv)雙色(se)線(xian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)，這種(zhong)線(xian)一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)在電(dian)器產品(pin)的電(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)中(zhong)，這條特殊(shu)雙色(se)線(xian)專用(yong)于(yu)接(jie)地，對于(yu)黃/綠(lv)搭配標(biao)準(zhun)也有以下規(gui)定：即對每一(yi)段長巧~的雙色(se)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)，其中(zhong)一(yi)種(zhong)顏色(se)應(ying)至少覆蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)表面的30%，且不大(da)于(yu)70%，而另一(yi)種(zhong)顏色(se)則覆蓋(gai)絕緣(yuan)線(xian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的其余(yu)部(bu)分，即黃/綠(lv)雙色(se)應(ying)基(ji)本均衡搭配。

　　5結構尺寸檢測

　　包括絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)的(de)(de)厚(hou)度、*薄厚(hou)度、外形尺寸等(deng)。絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)護套(tao)的(de)(de)厚(hou)度大小對于(yu)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)能(neng)夠耐受多大強度的(de)(de)電(dian)壓，以及其機(ji)械性能(neng)好壞都有很重要(yao)的(de)(de)作用，所以對于(yu)不同規(gui)格的(de)(de)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，標準(zhun)對厚(hou)度都有嚴格規(gui)定，要(yao)求不得低于(yu)標準(zhun)的(de)(de)規(gui)定值(zhi)。電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)度太薄會(hui)嚴重影響電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)使用安(an)全，會(hui)帶來(lai)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)擊穿、導體裸露引起漏電(dian)等(deng)安(an)全隱患，當(dang)然也不是越厚(hou)越好，應(ying)不影響安(an)裝(zhuang)，故標準(zhun)又設(she)了一個外形尺寸要(yao)求對此進行限制(zhi)。

　　常見的認(ren)證(zheng)標志

　　1CCC認證

　　強制性認證，是(shi)進入國內市(shi)場的通行證。

　　2CB認證

　　有利于產(chan)品(pin)(pin)出口用于家庭、辦公室、車(che)間和類似場所的(de)(de)直接涉及人(ren)身安全的(de)(de)電(dian)工產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，這(zhe)類產(chan)品(pin)(pin)在(zai)一部(bu)分中實(shi)行強制性(xing)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證，即取(qu)得該國(guo)的(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證合(he)格證書后，才允許出口到該國(guo)，并在(zai)該國(guo)市場上銷(xiao)售。即使在(zai)未實(shi)行強制性(xing)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證的(de)(de)中，消費者為了自身的(de)(de)安全，都愿(yuan)意購(gou)買經過認(ren)(ren)(ren)正而(er)帶有認(ren)(ren)(ren)證標(biao)志的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。

　　3CE認證

　　是(shi)產(chan)品進(jin)入歐(ou)盟及歐(ou)洲(zhou)貿(mao)易自由區市場的通(tong)行(xing)證。獲得(de)認(ren)證并(bing)貼有(you)CE標志的產(chan)品將降低在歐(ou)洲(zhou)市場上銷售的風險：

　　1)被海(hai)關扣留和查處(chu)的(de)風(feng)險(xian);

　　2)被市場監督機(ji)構查處的風險;

　　3)同(tong)行出于競爭目的的指控風險。

　　4UL認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)在美國市場，消費者及購(gou)買單(dan)位更愿意選購(gou)有UL認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)標(biao)志(zhi)的產品。