500千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)充油(you)電(dian)纜，500千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)聚丙烯薄(bo)膜木纖維復合紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣充油(you)電(dian)纜、500千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)交聯聚乙烯電(dian)纜以及550千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)充油(you)。

　　1、500千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)油(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan) 　　500千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)油(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)迄(qi)今(jin)已(yi)有70多年運(yun)(yun)行(xing)歷(li)史(shi)，是*上公認的絕緣性(xing)能(neng)優良、運(yun)(yun)行(xing)可靠的高(gao)壓及(ji)超高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。但由于介(jie)質損(sun)耗(hao)系數較(jiao)大，故其在超高(gao)壓下(xia)傳(chuan)輸大容量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)就受到其他型式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的挑戰。70年代起(qi)500千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)油(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)已(yi)在國外水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站安(an)裝(zhuang)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)。中國從(cong)1964年開始，66千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)、110千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)、220千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)及(ji)330千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)油(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)已(yi)按適用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級(ji)相繼在各電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)、水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站及(ji)城市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中運(yun)(yun)行(xing)。500千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)油(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)亦已(yi)在東北電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網錦州至遼陽(yang)線路上運(yun)(yun)行(xing)。目前中國沈陽(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)廠(chang)(chang)、上海電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)廠(chang)(chang)均已(yi)掌握500千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)油(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)制造技術(shu)。紅旗(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)廠(chang)(chang)已(yi)具(ju)備制造500千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)及(ji)更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓級(ji)充(chong)(chong)油(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的生產線。

　　中國生產(chan)的500千伏(fu)充(chong)油電纜(lan)(lan)的工作油壓(ya)為(wei)0.4～0.8兆(zhao)帕。當敷設落差(cha)為(wei)130米時，下端電纜(lan)(lan)油壓(ya)達1.6～2.0兆(zhao)帕。電纜(lan)(lan)金(jin)(jin)屬可以采用鉛套或皺紋鋁套。鉛套充(chong)油電纜(lan)(lan)需要有非磁性金(jin)(jin)屬帶(dai)徑(jing)向及(ji)縱向加(jia)固(gu)。皺紋鋁套充(chong)油電纜(lan)(lan)不需金(jin)(jin)屬帶(dai)加(jia)固(gu)，可以滿(man)足(zu)電站對(dui)500千伏(fu)電纜(lan)(lan)敷設高差(cha)130米的要求。

　　對500千伏充(chong)油(you)電(dian)纜進(jin)行了(le)系列設(she)計及(ji)載(zai)流量計算。500千伏充(chong)油(you)電(dian)纜導體*高溫(wen)度(du)為85℃。對500千伏充(chong)油(you)電(dian)纜進(jin)行了(le)系列設(she)計及(ji)載(zai)流量計算,500千伏充(chong)油(you)電(dian)纜常用截面范圍800～2500平方毫米。

　　2、500千伏(fu)(fu)交聯（XLPE）電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan) 　　LPE電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)介(jie)質(zhi)損(sun)耗較低，傳輸容量(liang)較大，適合(he)于(yu)高落差敷設，可以實現無油化。500千伏(fu)(fu)皺紋(wen)鋁套XLPE電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)已于(yu)1998年首先在日(ri)本(ben)今市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站與下鄉電(dian)(dian)(dian)站安裝運(yun)行[1]。與XLPE電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)同時投入運(yun)行的(de)(de)還有插(cha)入全封閉(bi)組(zu)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終端。但500千伏(fu)(fu)XLPE電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)連接接頭(tou)至今未完(wan)成開(kai)發研制及(ji)實用化。對(dui)于(yu)XLPE電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，特別對(dui)于(yu)超(chao)高壓XLPE電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)長期運(yun)行可靠性是*各國(guo)十分關(guan)注的(de)(de)問題。日(ri)本(ben)500千伏(fu)(fu)XLPE電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)運(yun)行經(jing)驗，對(dui)于(yu)500千伏(fu)(fu)系統中(zhong)采用500千伏(fu)(fu)XLPE電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)起(qi)到了積極的(de)(de)推動(dong)作用。

　　為(wei)根本(ben)隔絕潮(chao)氣、水(shui)分(fen)從電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜護套(tao)(tao)進(jin)入絕緣，以防止引起(qi)水(shui)樹，500千(qian)伏(fu)XLPE電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜必須采用金屬(shu)套(tao)(tao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)要求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜敷設(she)(she)落(luo)差達130米，由于(yu)鉛套(tao)(tao)強度(du)較低，不宜(yi)采用鉛套(tao)(tao)XLPE電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜。皺(zhou)紋(wen)不銹鋼(gang)套(tao)(tao)具有較大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，當金屬(shu)有較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通流要求(qiu)時，皺(zhou)紋(wen)不銹鋼(gang)套(tao)(tao)下尚需有附加載流導體。因此(ci)，對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)用高(gao)(gao)落(luo)差500千(qian)伏(fu)XLPE電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜應考慮采用皺(zhou)紋(wen)鋁套(tao)(tao)結構(gou)。 500千(qian)伏(fu)XLPE電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導體*高(gao)(gao)溫度(du)為(wei)90℃。同樣(yang)對500千(qian)伏(fu)XLPE電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜進(jin)行系統設(she)(she)計與載流量計算，截面(mian)范圍為(wei)800～2500平方毫米。

　　3、500千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)聚(ju)丙烯薄膜(mo)木(mu)纖維(wei)復合紙(zhi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)油(you)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)（以(yi)(yi)下稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)PPLP電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)） 　　經過幾(ji)十年對低損耗(hao)系數(shu)包帶材料的探(tan)索與開發(fa)研究，聚(ju)丙烯薄膜(mo)木(mu)纖維(wei)復合紙(zhi)（PPLP）已是公(gong)認(ren)的可以(yi)(yi)用來制造高(gao)壓至(zhi)特高(gao)壓低損耗(hao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)油(you)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材料。1988年日本敷(fu)設本州(zhou)到(dao)四國(guo)(guo)間(jian)127公(gong)里(li)本四連(lian)線中(zhong)采用22回公(gong)里(li)的500千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)PPLP電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，表明500千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)PPLP電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)已達到(dao)工業性實際應用階段。PPLP電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)損耗(hao)系數(shu)小，且其*大工作(zuo)梯(ti)度(du)(du)比(bi)較高(gao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)17～18千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)/毫(hao)(hao)米（500千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)油(you)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)*大工作(zuo)梯(ti)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)15千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)/毫(hao)(hao)米）。500千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)PPLP電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)厚度(du)(du)較薄，為(wei)(wei)(wei)25毫(hao)(hao)米（中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)500千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)油(you)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)厚度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)31毫(hao)(hao)米）。PPLP電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的金(jin)屬套和外護層結(jie)構與充(chong)(chong)(chong)油(you)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)相同(tong)，其生產裝(zhuang)備與充(chong)(chong)(chong)油(you)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)也(ye)基(ji)本相同(tong)。可以(yi)(yi)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)已具備開發(fa)與生產500千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)PPLP電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的基(ji)本條(tiao)件。

　　對500千(qian)伏(fu)PPLP電纜進行系(xi)列設計(ji)與載(zai)流量(liang)計(ji)算。500千(qian)伏(fu)PPLP電纜導體*高溫(wen)度(du)為(wei)85℃。對500千(qian)伏(fu)PPLP電纜進行系(xi)列設計(ji)與載(zai)流量(liang)計(ji)算，截面范(fan)圍為(wei)800～2500平方(fang)毫米(mi)。