交聯絕緣的品種雖多，但主要分為物理和化學交聯兩大(da)類，其絕緣品質完全(quan)一致，故在國標GBl2706—91中，是不區(qu)分采用何(he)種交聯方法(fa)的。

交聯絕緣(yuan)已在電(dian)力電(dian)纜中占(zhan)主導地(di)位，代替(ti)了油紙絕緣(yuan)，并(bing)逐步取代了PVC塑料絕緣(yuan)。交聯絕緣(yuan)的(de)品(pin)種雖多(duo)，但主要(yao)分為物理和化學交聯兩大類，其絕緣(yuan)品(pin)質完全一致，故在國標GBl2706—91中，是不區(qu)分采(cai)用何種交聯方法(fa)的(de)。

1.物(wu)理(li)交(jiao)聯(lian)物(wu)理(li)交(jiao)聯(lian)又(you)稱輻照交(jiao)聯(lian)，其絕緣(yuan)(yuan)品質*佳，交(jiao)聯(lian)度高(gao)，耐候(hou)性好(hao)，是各種軟(ruan)線(xian)，裝備(bei)線(xian)以及(ji)耐高(gao)溫(105c及(ji)以上)和阻燃電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的理(li)想工藝方法。其主要(yao)缺點為輻照不(bu)均(jun)勻，生(sheng)(sheng)產中要(yao)反復(fu)照射，電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)彎曲次數太多，且在絕緣(yuan)(yuan)中容(rong)易注入空間電(dian)(dian)荷(he)，不(bu)太適用于電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)線(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)產。有些(xie)企(qi)業采(cai)用輻照線(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)產了一些(xie)小截面鋁芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和1—lOkV鋁芯(xin)架(jia)空電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，問題(ti)并(bing)不(bu)太大(da)。

2.化學交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)化學交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)兩種交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)又包(bao)括蒸汽和(he)干(gan)(gan)法(fa)(fa)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)兩種。蒸汽交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)因絕(jue)緣(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)含量(liang)2000x10-6，絕(jue)緣(yuan)品質(zhi)不好，已(yi)完全淘汰；干(gan)(gan)法(fa)(fa)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)含量(liang)(1OO—200)×10-6，已(yi)在 lO—500kV電(dian)纜(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)廣(guang)泛地應用。低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)，學名硅(gui)烷交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)，電(dian)纜(lan)在70cC—90c溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)，也(ye)可(ke)在濕度較大(da)的(de)空氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)，故(gu)(gu)又名溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)。交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)劑(ji)(硅(gui)烷)吸(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)才能(neng)使PE絕(jue)緣(yuan)的(de)線性結(jie)構反應成網狀(zhuang)的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)結(jie)構。吸(xi)收的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)已(yi)成為絕(jue)緣(yuan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)的(de)一部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，故(gu)(gu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)含量(liang)極少，也(ye)是(100—200)x10-6，絕(jue)緣(yuan)品質(zhi)完全和(he)干(gan)(gan)法(fa)(fa)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)一樣，絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能(neng)還超過于法(fa)(fa)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)因水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)不易滲入較厚的(de)PE絕(jue)緣(yuan)，一般適用于10kV及以下電(dian)纜(lan)，特(te)另U是1kV溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)纜(lan)。

溫(wen)水交聯電(dian)纜(lan)，產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量好，設備投資(zi)低，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)速度快，是*為理想(xiang)的電(dian)纜(lan)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，目前交聯工藝有：二步(bu)法(fa)(fa)；共聚料生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)法(fa)(fa)；Monosil一步(bu)法(fa)(fa)，及派生(sheng)(sheng)的另兩種工藝方(fang)法(fa)(fa)；固相(xiang)一步(bu)法(fa)(fa)，及共混法(fa)(fa)共7種生(sheng)(sheng)工藝。采購電(dian)纜(lan)時，應熟悉上述知識，才能(neng)得到優質(zhi)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。

3.交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)采(cai)購(gou)和(he)(he)選型交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)品(pin)質高，其(qi)工(gong)頻擊(ji)穿強度(du)(du)可達(da)(da)50kV/mm，tan6僅為(wei)5 x10-4，介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)常數為(wei)2.3，是*為(wei)理想的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)，同時交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)工(gong)作溫(wen)度(du)(du)高達(da)(da)90c，耐(nai)(nai)熱(re)和(he)(he)耐(nai)(nai)候性(xing)(xing)好，并有較(jiao)高的(de)(de)機械性(xing)(xing)能和(he)(he)耐(nai)(nai)腐蝕等化學性(xing)(xing)能，在(zai)中低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜產(chan)品(pin)中基本(ben)上已全(quan)是交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜了。盡(jin)管(guan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)不同，但其(qi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)品(pin)質均(jun)完全(quan)一(yi)致。現將常用(yong)的(de)(de)不同類型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)選用(yong)介(jie)紹如(ru)下：(1)1kV三芯(xin)鋁芯(xin)70mm’交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯(xi)護套(tao)鋼(gang)帶(dai)銷裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜，型號為(wei)YJLV22—0．6／1、3 x70:該型號中的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(YJ)可以采(cai)用(yong)任(ren)何一(yi)種交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)工(gong)藝(yi)，但以采(cai)用(yong)溫(wen)水交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei)*好，如(ru)采(cai)用(yong)干(gan)(gan)法交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)，設備(bei)投資大(da)，生(sheng)產(chan)速度(du)(du)慢，如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜截面(mian)再小(xiao)些，會在(zai)龐大(da)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)線上將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜拉細(xi)或拉斷，如(ru)果用(yong)輻照(zhao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)，因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜彎曲次數過多會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)緊壓(ya)導體受損，緊壓(ya)銅(tong)導體更容易損壞。在(zai)采(cai)購(gou)時應考慮到(dao)：對截面(mian)較(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)鋁芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜切忌采(cai)用(yong)干(gan)(gan)法交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)；對截面(mian)較(jiao)大(da)或銅(tong)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜不能采(cai)用(yong)幅照(zhao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)，溫(wen)水交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)就有較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)靈活性(xing)(xing)。

(2)10kV三芯(xin)銅芯(xin)120mm’交(jiao)(jiao)聯聚乙(yi)(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)聚氯乙(yi)(yi)烯護套鋼帶銷裝(zhuang)電(dian)纜(lan)，型號為YJV22—8．7／10、3×120：10kV等(deng)級(ji)電(dian)纜(lan)截面(mian)一般均大(da)一些，特(te)別是銅芯(xin)電(dian)纜(lan)，是不能采用輻照交(jiao)(jiao)聯工藝的(de)，除因電(dian)纜(lan)彎曲次數太多容(rong)易(yi)損(sun)傷電(dian)纜(lan)外(wai)，且在絕(jue)緣(yuan)中(zhong)集累了空間電(dian)荷使絕(jue)緣(yuan)品(pin)質下(xia)降(jiang)。10kV等(deng)級(ji)電(dian)纜(lan)目前以干法(fa)交(jiao)(jiao)聯生產(chan)工藝*適合，產(chan)品(pin)質量穩定(ding)，價格合理。但如電(dian)纜(lan)批量少，規(gui)格變化(hua)多時，干法(fa)交(jiao)(jiao)聯廢品(pin)率極高，且容(rong)易(yi)將很(hen)(hen)小截面(mian)的(de)電(dian)纜(lan)拉斷，這就應(ying)(ying)采用溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)交(jiao)(jiao)聯。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)交(jiao)(jiao)聯屬低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)交(jiao)(jiao)聯范疇，無絕(jue)緣(yuan)熱應(ying)(ying)力，絕(jue)緣(yuan)品(pin)質好，要消除溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)交(jiao)(jiao)聯“一定(ding)含水(shui)(shui)”的(de)誤(wu)解(jie)，隨著溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)交(jiao)(jiao)聯新材料的(de)開發，在中(zhong)低壓電(dian)纜(lan)領(ling)域(yu)內(nei)，更有著很(hen)(hen)好的(de)發展前景。

(3)10KV鋁芯70mm’架空(kong)絕緣電(dian)纜(lan)，型號為(wei)JKLYJ—6／lO、1x70:，該型號電(dian)纜(lan)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)三種工藝(yi)均在生(sheng)產，采(cai)用幅照交聯(lian)工藝(yi)的(de)企(qi)業，為(wei)消除空(kong)間電(dian)荷，將(jiang)電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)體長期接地后，電(dian)纜(lan)可(ke)安全地用于(yu)半絕緣系統的(de)架空(kong)電(dian)纜(lan)線路上。采(cai)用干(gan)法交聯(lian)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)溫水交聯(lian)的(de)比較，與上面10kV電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)生(sheng)產一致。