束絞由多根單線構成。一般來說，構成束絞的單線多而細，不僅增(zeng)加了(le)電(dian)線電(dian)纜的柔軟(ruan)性(xing)(xing)，還提高線路連通的可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)。有些電(dian)線電(dian)纜的導體并不要求大(da)的截面(mian)，但也采用了(le)絞合形式(shi)，正(zheng)是為(wei)了(le)具有更好的柔軟(ruan)性(xing)(xing)或(huo)高度的可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)。

　　要(yao)(yao)使(shi)單(dan)線(xian)以一定的(de)(de)螺旋(xuan)升角(或(huo)(huo)節距)進行束絲或(huo)(huo)絞(jiao)(jiao)合(he)，設備(bei)必須(xu)滿(man)足以下要(yao)(yao)求：一是使(shi)所有(you)單(dan)線(xian)圍繞設備(bei)的(de)(de)中心軸作旋(xuan)轉運動;另一是使(shi)絞(jiao)(jiao)合(he)制品作直線(xian)前進運動。通過改變這兩種運動速度的(de)(de)配合(he)，即可調整螺旋(xuan)升角的(de)(de)大小，使(shi)生(sheng)產出的(de)(de)絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)或(huo)(huo)束線(xian)符合(he)結(jie)構(gou)要(yao)(yao)求。

　　絞(jiao)線機(ji)和束線機(ji)的組(zu)成基(ji)本(ben)相同，都是(shi)由放線、牽引、排線與收(shou)線、拖動與傳動系統以及控制系統等(deng)主(zhu)要部分組(zu)成。此(ci)外，還附有分線板、并線模(mo)(又(you)稱(cheng)壓模(mo))、計米器等(deng)裝置。

　　電纜生產束絲絞線基礎知識

　　絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)機生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)絞(jiao)(jiao)制(zhi)規(gui)格比較大，絞(jiao)(jiao)制(zhi)時除中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)1根(gen)單(dan)(dan)(dan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)外，其余單(dan)(dan)(dan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)放線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盤都放在放線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)部分(fen)(fen)(如絞(jiao)(jiao)籠)，通過(guo)它(ta)的(de)(de)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)使(shi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圍(wei)繞中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)單(dan)(dan)(dan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)形成(cheng)(cheng)絞(jiao)(jiao)層(ceng)(ceng)。根(gen)據(ju)(ju)絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)絞(jiao)(jiao)層(ceng)(ceng)數和每層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)根(gen)數，一(yi)般絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)機設有(you)幾個(幾段)分(fen)(fen)別旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)放線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)部分(fen)(fen)，使(shi)之制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)各層(ceng)(ceng)絞(jiao)(jiao)向不同的(de)(de)絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，故(gu)對生(sheng)產(chan)同心(xin)(xin)層(ceng)(ceng)絞(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)尤(you)為合適。束(shu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)機生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)束(shu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)規(gui)格較小，它(ta)靠(kao)收(shou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)部分(fen)(fen)籃架(jia)或回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)體的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)形成(cheng)(cheng)束(shu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。由于(yu)束(shu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)機的(de)(de)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)作都在收(shou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)部分(fen)(fen)，變速機構安裝在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)籃架(jia)里，地(di)位(wei)受到限制(zhi)，這就決定了束(shu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)機只能(neng)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)個絞(jiao)(jiao)向、規(gui)格較小的(de)(de)產(chan)品，但束(shu)制(zhi)的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)根(gen)數，可根(gen)據(ju)(ju)需(xu)要靈活配(pei)置。

　　絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)或束(shu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)質量，一方(fang)面(mian)取(qu)決于單(dan)(dan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)及附(fu)加材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的本身質量，另一方(fang)面(mian)也取(qu)決于絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)制或束(shu)制工(gong)藝。選(xuan)用何種絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合設備與(yu)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)制品的結構(gou)，截面(mian)和外(wai)(wai)徑大(da)小、單(dan)(dan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)根數(shu)、單(dan)(dan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)粗細以及絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)制品的制造長(chang)度(du)有直接的關系。如(ru)果是(shi)同心層絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，應首先考慮絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)機(ji)放線(xian)(xian)(xian)盤(pan)的盤(pan)數(shu)和大(da)小是(shi)否與(yu)之適應，然后(hou)再考慮絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合方(fang)向、節距長(chang)度(du)和要(yao)不要(yao)退扭等。若為復絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，還需考慮股線(xian)(xian)(xian)變形，這就(jiu)需要(yao)分析(xi)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)結構(gou)、規格(ge)、材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，確(que)定工(gong)藝數(shu)據，*后(hou)選(xuan)擇適合的絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)機(ji)。如(ru)果是(shi)束(shu)制品，除放線(xian)(xian)(xian)盤(pan)的盤(pan)數(shu)和大(da)小以外(wai)(wai)，束(shu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)機(ji)收線(xian)(xian)(xian)盤(pan)大(da)小的確(que)定，要(yao)比絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)機(ji)重要(yao)得多。

　　電纜生產束絲絞線基礎知識

　　對各種絞線(xian)和束線(xian)的(de)節(jie)距(ju)長(chang)度(du)和絞向(xiang)都有規定(ding)。節(jie)距(ju)長(chang)度(du)可以(yi)絞線(xian)或束線(xian)外徑(jing)與(yu)實用(yong)(yong)節(jie)距(ju)比(bi)相乘計算出來(lai)。在實際生產中，一般都采用(yong)(yong)大一些的(de)節(jie)距(ju)比(bi)，以(yi)利(li)盡可能(neng)地提高(gao)生產率。絞向(xiang)必須按規定(ding)嚴格(ge)執行，否則會影響(xiang)線(xian)路的(de)連接。

　　絞(jiao)合(he)(he)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)：同心絞(jiao)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)每一層線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)絞(jiao)合(he)(he)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相反，紋合(he)(he)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分為(wei)右(you)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)與左(zuo)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，把絞(jiao)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)軸線(xian)(xian)垂直于胸前(qian)，如(ru)果單線(xian)(xian)從右(you)上(shang)方(fang)斜向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)下(xia)方(fang)時，就是右(you)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，反之為(wei)左(zuo)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。為(wei)了便(bian)于記(ji)憶(yi)，可用(yong)左(zuo)手(shou)(shou)或(huo)右(you)手(shou)(shou)將手(shou)(shou)掌(zhang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)，拇指(zhi)叉開，其余四(si)指(zhi)并攏，并攏的(de)(de)四(si)指(zhi)順向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)絞(jiao)線(xian)(xian)軸向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，如(ru)果右(you)手(shou)(shou)拇指(zhi)的(de)(de)斜向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)與單線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)斜向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一致，就是右(you)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(z向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang))，如(ru)果左(zuo)手(shou)(shou)拇指(zhi)的(de)(de)斜向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)與單線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)斜向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一致，就是左(zuo)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(S向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang))，

　　在產品(pin)標準中不但規定(ding)(ding)了絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)的(de)層(ceng)間絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)向(xiang)(xiang)相反，而(er)且規定(ding)(ding)*外層(ceng)的(de)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)向(xiang)(xiang)。一般裸絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)*外層(ceng)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)向(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)右向(xiang)(xiang)。

　　絞(jiao)(jiao)合規律：絞(jiao)(jiao)合線(xian)芯一(yi)般(ban)(ban)由材料(liao)和直徑相(xiang)同(tong)的股線(xian)絞(jiao)(jiao)制而成，為(wei)使絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)成為(wei)圓形，而且在中(zhong)心層(ceng)股線(xian)根數固定的情況(kuang)下，按等差數列方(fang)程(cheng)，每(mei)層(ceng)股線(xian)根數比與它(ta)相(xiang)鄰(lin)的內層(ceng)相(xiang)差6.28根，也就(jiu)是說每(mei)增(zeng)(zeng)加一(yi)層(ceng)就(jiu)增(zeng)(zeng)加6.28根股線(xian)，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)取(qu)整數為(wei)6根。

　　測量(liang)絞合節距用(yong)長(chang)度大(da)于(yu)節距的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紙繃緊在絞線(xian)(xian)上(shang)，用(yong)鉛筆或蠟筆沿絞線(xian)(xian)軸向劃過去(qu)，可得到一(yi)(yi)組印痕(hen)(hen)，印痕(hen)(hen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)目應(ying)多于(yu)測量(liang)層單線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)數(shu)，在其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)作一(yi)(yi)標(biao)(biao)記(ji)，從它(ta)相鄰(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)開始編(bian)號，當編(bian)號數(shu)等于(yu)測量(liang)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單線(xian)(xian)根(gen)數(shu)時(shi)，在*后編(bian)號的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)印痕(hen)(hen)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)也(ye)作一(yi)(yi)標(biao)(biao)記(ji)，測量(liang)兩個(ge)(ge)標(biao)(biao)記(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離，就是該層絞線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節距。對于(yu)束線(xian)(xian)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節距測量(liang)，由于(yu)束線(xian)(xian)大(da)多是細直徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單線(xian)(xian)非正規絞合起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，無(wu)法用(yong)紙帶法測量(liang)。因此(ci)可用(yong)實測法，即(ji)取出一(yi)(yi)段束線(xian)(xian)產品，剪斷(duan)表面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)根(gen)并(bing)在剪斷(duan)處作好標(biao)(biao)記(ji)，以(yi)束線(xian)(xian)相反方向拆(chai)去(qu)10個(ge)(ge)螺(luo)旋(xuan)，然后用(yong)直尺測量(liang)拆(chai)去(qu)10個(ge)(ge)螺(luo)旋(xuan)部分絞線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)度，再將(jiang)所(suo)得長(chang)度數(shu)據除于(yu)10，即(ji)可得出該束線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節距長(chang)度。

　　在一(yi)般情況下(xia)，節距比(bi)愈(yu)(yu)(yu)小(xiao)，柔軟性愈(yu)(yu)(yu)好;各(ge)根單(dan)線之間的(de)(de)空(kong)隙愈(yu)(yu)(yu)小(xiao)，即絞合得愈(yu)(yu)(yu)密實;而且節距與(yu)單(dan)線在一(yi)個節距的(de)(de)實際長(chang)(chang)度相差也(ye)愈(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)，同樣長(chang)(chang)度絞線所使用的(de)(de)單(dan)線長(chang)(chang)度也(ye)就愈(yu)(yu)(yu)長(chang)(chang)。